Comparative study of pulmonary functions between smokers and non-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/96x9zz90Keywords:
COPD in non smokers & smokers, PFT in non smokers & smokersAbstract
BACKGROUND: COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation and irreversible airflow obstruction. This disease is rare in non-smoking persons except those who will have exposure of occupational dust, environmental air pollutants or biomass fuel and indoor air pollution specially affecting females. Besides the difference in etiology of COPD, changes will occur in the pulmonary function test (PFT) values in smokers with COPD and non-smokers with COPD but little is known and studied. This study will try to seek these gaps in knowledge.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes of pulmonary function test values in smokers with COPD and non-smokers with COPD. This study will help to identify similarities and differences in spirometric characteristics between these two groups.
METHODS: This is a prospective, non-randomized, observational study, patients were selected as smoker & non smoker category from the medicine and TB & chest disease OPD. All patients were having COPD as per GOLD criteria. After taking all demographic parameters (age, height, weight, BMI, sex, education, socioeconomic status, smoking category), pulmonary functions test was done and assessed as per guidelines.
RESULTS: Mean forced vital capacity, Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), Mean of forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC ratio), Average Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Average Forced Expiratory Flow at 25 – 75% or middle 50% of the patient's exhaled volume (FEF25%-75%) among Non smoker with COPD and Smoker with COPD were not found significant. Also percentage of predicted value of all pulmonary function parameters among non-smokers and smokers with COPD were found not significant when compared with t- test for independent samples.
CONCLUSION: Most of the patient smoker as well as non-smokers COPD coming for seeking the treatment were in GOLD-3 (severe) category of COPD and second most prevalent class is GOLD-2 (Moderate severity). The present study clearly indicates that there is no difference in pulmonary function test values between nonsmokers with COPD and smokers with COPD. Pulmonary function tests values were similar among non-smokers with COPD and smokers with COPD which emphasizes us to give equal importance to environmental pollution as a cause of COPD in future policies and also opens up avenues for further research.
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