Demographic Profile & Pulmonary Function Parameters in NonSmoker COPD Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/nx0kfp65Keywords:
COPD in non smokers, PFT in non smokersAbstract
BACKGROUND: COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation and irreversible airflow obstruction. This disease is rare in non-smoking persons except those who will have exposure of occupational dust, environmental air pollutants or biomass fuel and indoor air pollution specially affecting females. Studies also suggested that 25-40% of all COPD patients have never smoked.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the demographic profile and changes of pulmonary function test values in non-smokers with COPD.
METHODS: This is a prospective, non-randomized, observational study, patients were selected as non smoker category by from the medicine and TB & chest disease OPD. All patients were having COPD as per GOLD criteria. After taking all demographic parameters (age, height, weight, BMI, sex, education, socioeconomic status, smoking category), pulmonary functions test was done and assessed as per guidelines.
RESULTS: The mean BMI of non-smokers was 20.60 ± 2 x 4.12 kg/m2. Maximum number of patients is in 31 to 70 years age category. In sex wise distribution of cases, 10 males and 15 females were non-smokers with COPD. Significantly high numbers of COPD cases were not educated. Among non-smoker population 9 males had occupational exposure while all females had biomass fuel smoke exposure. Mean Duration of environmental exposure among non-smokers was 27.0050 ± 2 x18.385 years for combined biomass plus second hand smoke exposure. In pulmonary function test among non-smokers, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Forced Expiratory Flow at 25 – 75% or middle 50% of the patient's exhaled volume (FEF25%-75%) were decreased as per GOLD criteria and their percentage of predictive values suggesting the diagnosis of COPD.
CONCLUSION: Most of the patients of COPD in non smokers belong to GOLD severity category 3&4 reflecting the huge impact of exposures due to other sources of as severe as smoking itself and may be smoking equivalent risk factors for COPD. It is seen that biomass smoke, coal and others exposures other than smoking have significant affects on pulmonary function that equivalent to smoking hence these factors should also be come into focus in comparison to smoking.
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