International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research

Diurnal variability of FEV1 and Salivary cortisol with Anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters in healthy individuals

Tanuj Mathur — Wed, 18 Oct 2023 03:36:18 +0000

Background: Airways exhibit a definite circadian variation in caliber and this phenomenon is amplified in excess of respiratory distress such as asthma or COPD. FEV1 is considered a reliable airway measurement. Body Mass index is linked with several diseases and affects various systems. Salivary cortisol, a direct measure of stress can impact respiratory and cardiovascular function. This study was taken up to find any association of FEV1 and salivary cortisol with BMI and pulse pressure.

Methods: Spirometric analysis was performed to check for diurnal variability of FEV1 among 18 – 35-year-old. BMI, PP and salivary cortisol were measured. SPSS 21.0 was used for analysis of data.

Results: Diurnal variations were found to be significant in both FEV1 and Salivary cortisol. FEV1 values increased from 2.71 + 0.93 in the morning to 2.86 + 0.57 in the evening while salivary cortisol decreased from 1.52 + 0.30 to 1.17 + 0.39. Pulse pressure showed no diurnal pattern. When compared between genders, all variable except BMI was found to be significant.

Conclusion: The correlation found will help us to categorise high risk population and prioritize early diagnosis and patient management.

Immunoexpression and Mutation Status of BRAF V600E in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Wed, 18 Oct 2023 03:39:01 +0000

Background: BRAF V600E mutation, with incidence rates ranging from 29% to 83% of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is the most common genetic mutation. Several methods have been used to detect this mutation but the determination of the rapid and easily available techniques is still needed. Thus, the aim was to describe the diagnostic performance of faster BRAFV600E-specific immunohistochemical method (IHC), compared to the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique.

Methods: The histologically proven, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 44 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients who attended the Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Specialist Hospital, Yangon, were collected. Anti-BRAF V600E monoclonal antibody was used for the IHC of tissue sections. For ARMS-PCR, the BRAF V600E mutation was detected after DNA extraction, followed by genomic DNA amplification using the QIAGEN Taq PCR Core kit.

Results: The mutation was found in 77.3% (34/44) and 75% (33/44) cases using IHC and ARMS-PCR, respectively. A total of 98% concordance was found between IHC and ARMS-PCR (43/44 tests). IHC results showed 100% (33/33) sensitivity, 91% (10/11) specificity, 97% (33/44) positive predictive values), and 100% (10/10) negative predictive values.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated that BRAF V600E IHC possesses the appropriate sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic use. This method could be considered a reliable preliminary screening technique in addition to a molecular approach for BRAF V600E mutation detection in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients on a routine basis.

The Short term outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) and its determinants in treatment of corneal pathologies at Dhahran eye hospital, Saudi Arabia.

Mohammad Alasmari — Fri, 20 Oct 2023 10:14:58 +0000

PURPOSE: To evaluate the short term outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in treatment of corneal pathologies at a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia and identify the predictors of visual outcomes.

METHODS: In this one armed cohort study, cases of corneal pathologies that underwent collagen cross linkage treatment between 2014 -2016 at our institute were included. Data included demography and diagnosis. Corneal parameters, Intra ocular pressure (IOP), Un-Corrected Visual Acuity (UCVA) and the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at presentation, central corneal thickness (CCT) and at 6 months after CXL were compared.

RESULTS: We studied 96 eyes of 96 patients with corneal pathologies (92 keratoconus). UCVA (Wilcoxon P = 0.05), IOP (W P <0.001), CCT (W P <0.001), astigmatism (P = 0.02), corneal curvature (K₁) (W P <0.001) and K₂ (P = 0.04) significantly improved 6 months after CXL. Corneal haze of grade 1 was noted in 39 [(40.6% (95% CI 30.8 ; 5.4)] eyes six months after CXL. The haze was not associated/correlated to Gender (P = 0.7), laterality (p = 0.5), diagnosis (p = 0.6), pre-IOP (P = 0.3), pre- CCT (p = 0.9) and age (p = 0.4). The presence of corneal haze was not significantly associated to the grade of keratoconus (P = 0.8).

CONCLUSIONS: CXL seems to be safe and efficient. Short term gain of CXL in treatment of corneal ectasia is significant. However corneal haze was noted in four of ten cases and we could not identify significant predictors of corneal haze.

KEY WORDS: Keratoconus; collagen cross linkage, corneal ectasia, corneal topography.

A RARE CASE OF SINONASAL ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA –

Surabhi Gautam Gautam family — Sat, 21 Oct 2023 20:57:18 +0000

abstract-

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is primarily a tumour of salivary gland, even though it is not frequent. Moreover, it can rarely occur in other body parts, such as nose, paranasal sinuses, lungs, uterine cervix, and many others. It affects nasal cavity in about 1-2% cases with frequency twice in females than males. It may present as epistaxis, nasal obstruction, discharge, headache, facial swelling and cheek pain. Immunohistochemistry such as C-KIT (CD117) plays an important role in confirmatory diagnosis. Here we are presenting a case of 55 year old female patient who presented to ENT OPD with chief complaints of bilateral nasal obstruction since past one year with on and off episodes of epistaxis along with mild headache. Patient was evaluated and the biopsy was sent for histopathology. H and E stained sections showed fibro-collagenous tissue having foci of round blue tumour cells arranged in tubules with luminal secretions and small sheets. Further, Immuno histochemistry was performed with various markers. CD-117 came positive which confirmed our diagnosis. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma is a rare malignancy of nasal cavity which can present as various histo-morphological types and needs IHC for confirmatory diagnosis.

KEY WORDS- Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, nasal cavity, Immuno histochemistry

Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Appendix mimicking acute appendicitis – A Case Report

Bushra Siddiqui, Saqib Ahmed — Mon, 23 Oct 2023 17:28:00 +0000

Extranodal involvement by NHL is a frequent in the GI tract but its origin in appendix and rare and not difficult to diagnose clinically. A 14-year-old male presented with complaints of pain in right lower abdomen and vomiting for 2 days. Clinical and radiological findings suggested acute appendicitis was rendered for which the patient was operation, on histopathological examination in contrast to the expected findings atypical lymphoid cells were seen which were positive for CD45 and CD20. A final diagnosis of B cell NHL was made.

Clinico-radiological findings of lymphoma appendix may mimic acute appendicitis. Such cases need meticulous observation and accurate histopathological diagnosis for early treatment and better prognosis.