Towards Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/fbbhym31Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathy, T2DMAbstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a slowly progressing microangiopathy of the retina from which nearly all
diabetics sooner or later will eventually suffer. It is subdivided into non-proliferative (NPDR),
proliferative retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular edema (DME) and advanced diabetic eye disease
(ADED). DME may occur at any stage of the disease and threatens visual acuity. Other complications
that threaten the patient's vision are vitreous haemorrhage (VH), tractional retinal detachment (TRD)
involving macula and neovascular glaucoma (NVG). The main risk factors for the development and
progression of DR are long duration of diabetes and poor control of blood sugar. Good glycemic
control, regular fundus examinations, timely laser therapy / intra vitreal injections of Anti Vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) drugs with or without intra vitreal steroids depending on the stage
and type of the retinopathy, and close interdisciplinary cooperation are essential to prevent permanent
loss of vision.
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