Evaluation of Efficacy of Various Techniques of Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Open cholecystectomy has been the treatment of choice for more than a century since its introduction and the procedure is standardized among surgeons. Encouraged by the success of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has become the gold-standard treatment for gallstone disease in a short span of time, laparoscopic surgery has gained in popularity and found application in almost every surgical specialty. Aim of the study: To compare laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy with acute cholecystitis. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery of Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India. . For the study, we retrospectively viewed the medical records of patients aged 30-65 years with acute cholecystitis who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and were compared patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC). A total of 44 (22 each for LC and OC) were selected. The analysis of preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative parameters was done and was compared. Results: A total of 44 patients were included in the study. The surgical procedure for LC and OC were performed by experienced surgeons. The Male/Female ratio in LC and OC group was 14/8 and 12/10 respectively. The mean age of patients in LC group was 42.1+4.8 years and in OC group was 44.5+4.2 years. The mean body weight of LC and OC group was 60.2+9.3 kg and 58.6+8.3 kg respectively. The mean operative time period for LC was 66.8 minutes and for OC was 91.2 minutes. Blood loss more than 500 mL was seen in 2 patients for LC and 4 patients for OC. The nasogastric tube was employed in 8 patients in LC and 12 patients in OC. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safer procedure in comparison to open cholecystectomy. The postoperative stay at hospital was shorter with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.